How to Use a Heat Pump in Cold Weather

Heat pumps are an efficient way to heat pools and hot tubs even when temperatures drop. They work by extracting heat from the air and transferring it to the water.

Benefits of Heat Pumps

• Energy efficient compared to gas heaters

• Lower operating costs over time

• Environmentally friendly

• Consistent heating for comfortable water

How Heat Pumps Work

The Heating Process

• Heat pumps draw in outside air.

• The air passes over an evaporator coil containing refrigerant.

• The refrigerant absorbs heat, which is transferred to the water.

Performance in Cold Weather

• Heat pumps are less efficient in very cold conditions but still function.

• Many models operate down to about 40°F, though performance slows as temperatures drop.

Preparing Your Heat Pump for Cold Weather

Inspect the Unit

• Check for damage or leaks before the season starts.

• Clean the exterior and remove debris.

• Ensure the fan and evaporator coils are clear.

Optimize Water Chemistry

• Balanced water helps the heat pump perform well and prevents scale buildup.

• Maintain proper pH, alkalinity, and calcium levels.

Operating Your Heat Pump in Cold Weather

Set the Right Temperature

• Keep the thermostat at a consistent setting rather than turning it off between uses.

• Avoid setting it too high, which can strain the unit.

Run the Pump During Warmer Hours

• Operate the heat pump during the warmest part of the day for efficiency.

• Use a pool cover at night to retain heat.

Monitor Airflow

• Ensure nothing blocks the airflow around the heat pump.

• Trim nearby bushes and keep the area clean.

Advanced Tips for Cold Weather Efficiency

Use a Pool or Spa Cover

• Covers reduce heat loss by up to 50%.

• Solar covers add an extra layer of warmth during the day.

Invest in a High-Performance Model

• Some newer heat pumps are designed to operate at lower temperatures.

• Look for models with defrost modes or dual-stage compressors.

Combine With Other Heating Methods

• Supplement your heat pump with a gas heater on extremely cold days.

• Use solar blankets or panels to aid heating.

Mistakes to Avoid

• Turning the unit on and off frequently, which uses more energy

• Running it when the air temperature is below the manufacturer’s minimum limit

• Ignoring ice buildup on the coils, which can damage the unit

Safety Tips While Operating in Cold Weather

• Always disconnect power before cleaning or inspecting the unit.

• Watch for ice around the base that can cause slips.

• If the unit shuts off unexpectedly, check the breaker and manufacturer’s instructions before restarting.

Helpful Notes

• Regular maintenance improves efficiency and extends the life of your heat pump.

• Keep a log of water temperatures and energy use to track performance.

• Schedule a professional inspection before the start of the season.

By following these steps, you can use your heat pump effectively even in chilly weather. With a little care, you’ll enjoy warm, inviting water all season long without wasting energy or harming your equipment.